# Research edition 2.44 — Sweden historical evidence

Published 27 October AD 2026. The workbook and map now include **6,881 historical observations**, with **64 for Sweden**. The Sweden review adds 56 source-observation records, 14 source-register entries, 13 separate source issues, and 21 geographic references. These are evidence records, not independent communities or simultaneous population totals.

The additions range from a named royal physician attested in AD 1557 to quoted national estimates in AD 1980. Named people, visitors, families, registered residents, congregation dates and cumulative refugee arrivals retain their original units and meanings. Six observations with approximate or inferred dates appear in **Uncertain / undated**. Eighteen quoted national values retain unverified original population definitions and territorial coverage. Population sizing is disabled for all 56 additions; no community-wide departure is inferred.

The new locality references were checked against the public [GeoNames Sweden gazetteer](https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/SE.zip), resolving homonyms by feature, country and geographic context. Värmland uses a regional reference, not a Karlstad residence. Country-level observations use the existing Natural Earth country label point, not a reconstructed historical boundary. The two traders reported in Stockholm and Gothenburg in AD 1702 share one observation across two reference markers. The AD 1557 letter's Västerås dateline is not treated as the physician's residence. Institution or prison records use approximate city references, not invented exact sites.

Across all dates and views: **6,421 supported historical records**, **402 optional context records**, and **58 older withheld records**. All 56 additions have reviewed display references, but the 13 Sweden questions remain open. Their review list is included in the workbook's **Source issues** and in the [Sweden review CSV](sweden-review.csv). The [cumulative source-review CSV](source-review-log.csv) now contains 919 reviews. Modern and present-day population series, biblical continuity and prior historical evidence are preserved.

## Earlier review documentation

# Research edition 2.43 — 26 October AD 2026

The workbook and bundled map retain all **6,825 historical records** and integrate **715 reviewed map treatments** accumulated since edition 2.42. Across all dates and views, **6,365 records support population, presence, regional or event displays**, **402 have optional context displays**, and **58 remain withheld**. These are evidence-record counts, not numbers of people or simultaneous dots.

The latest 225-record review supplied 35 supported regional/event treatments and 132 optional claims or associations. The resulting reduction from 225 to 58 counts these optional annotations. It does not mean that 167 exact sites were located, historic boundaries were reconciled, or every source claim was verified. Uncertain/undated records remain in their separate view.

The added 416 geographic references are labels for source-defined regions, groups, sites or contextual associations. Exact villages, residences and boundaries remain unknown where stated. The 58 Ethiopian parish-list entries use northern Abyssinian source-list context, not verified parish coordinates. Historical country/Pale comparison totals with unresolved boundaries remain optional claims. Family counts, hearths, named persons, detainees, military-age men and literary totals retain their original units. All 715 new treatments have population sizing disabled.

The source-review trail is included in **Map review log** (901 cumulative decisions) and **Unresolved review** (58 withheld records) in the downloadable workbook. The [source review CSV](source-review-log.csv) preserves original and additional source URLs, access limitations and page/section citations. The [decision CSV](unresolved-review.csv) records all 225 latest review decisions, including specific next-evidence requirements for the 58 withheld records. References to pending amendments describe the research history before this release integrated them.

Of the 58 held records, 36 involve mixed religious/register classifications without an independently isolated Jewish subtotal or confirmed Jewish individuals. Others concern unknown sites or artifact provenance, unproved identities, an unnamed pooled sample, a court venue that does not establish residence, ownership without physical presence, or nonspatial global, methodological, fiscal and rhetorical material. They are retained in the evidence list without invented geographic populations.

Original demographic evidence, original source citations and page numbers, modern/present-day country series, and biblical continuity remain unchanged. Optional associations/claims are distinct from supported presence and are disabled in the default map view. Check their dedicated controls to inspect them.

## Earlier review documentation

# Research edition 2.42 — 23 October AD 2026

The spreadsheet contains 6,825 historical evidence records. Six existing records now have reviewed approximate map references: Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia metropolitan estimates (AD 1971), New Odessa colony (AD 1883 and AD 1884), and a reported traveler near Tacoma (AD 1845). These are reference markers, not precise residence coordinates or historical boundaries; population sizing is disabled.

31 additional documentary and archaeological records from research batches 42–47 are included with dates, units, qualifications and citations. Two subsequent amendments replace earlier pending interpretations without adding duplicates. These 31 records remain unplotted until location or interpretation review is complete.

Across all dates and views: 5,862 presence/event/regional records, 190 optional context records, and 773 unresolved records. The earlier backlog decreased from 748 to 742; adding the 31 newly integrated unplotted records produces 773. These are evidence-record counts, not numbers of people or simultaneous map dots. Current-country estimates and biblical continuity are unchanged.

## Earlier review documentation

# Geographic review

The current research edition is **2.41**, prepared 22 October AD 2026. Across all dates and views, 5,856 historical records support qualified presence, event, region or group displays; 190 have optional context displays; **748 remain unresolved**. The workbook contains 6,794 historical observations and 503 reviewed geographic references. These are record counts, not simultaneous map dots or people. Earlier sections below document the review history.

## Original geographic index — 9 October 2026

This index supplies 220 country / territory label points and 551 exact historical place-name keys, covering 792 of 1078 historical records before evidence-layer restrictions. All records remain available in the research list, including those withheld from the map.

Country label points come from Natural Earth's 1:10m admin-0 map units. They are symbols for the source-defined whole country, not sites where the population lives. The selected label point is an indexing aid; it does not redefine a source's borders. United Kingdom uses a label point on Great Britain. Country totals must never be summed where geographic definitions overlap.

Modern locality coordinates come from GeoNames cities500, downloaded 9 October 2026. Matching uses country plus exact normalized name or a reviewed alias, with homonyms explicitly resolved by province and historical context. No fuzzy nearest-name match is accepted. A quarter or synagogue record positioned at a city reference point is labeled as approximate town-level geography.

Ancient site references come from Pleiades' published JSON export, downloaded 9 October 2026. The selected records are listed by canonical Pleiades URL in each map entry. Coordinates are rounded to 0.001 degrees and retain the reference-point limitation. Identification of a place does not independently corroborate any Jewish population claim.

Sources and reuse:
- GeoNames contributors: https://www.geonames.org/ — Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Export: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/cities500.zip
- Natural Earth: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ — public-domain geographic data. Export: https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/blob/master/geojson/ne_10m_admin_0_map_units.geojson
- Pleiades contributors: https://pleiades.stoa.org/ — Creative Commons Attribution 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ . Export: https://atlantides.org/downloads/pleiades/json/pleiades-places-latest.json.gz . Modifications: selected records, rounded reference coordinates, added research-name associations.

The geographic index is separate from the workbook evidence. Correcting coordinates does not change the evidence's date or population estimate. Unknown locations, disputed ancient identifications, broad historic polities and unreviewed multi-place records remain unplotted. Additional field-level review is still needed; this is not a completed gazetteer of every historical settlement.

## Historical place keys without coordinates

- AF|Ghur / Jam cemetery
- AF|Jahudanak, probable Balkh suburb
- AO|Angola; locality unspecified
- AR|Clara colony, Entre Ríos
- AR|Jewish agricultural colonies; multiple provinces
- AR|Mauricio colony, Buenos Aires province
- AR|Moisés Ville, Santa Fe
- AW|Aruba
- AZ|Qırmızı Qəsəbə, opposite Quba
- BR|Dutch Brazil
- CH|Endingen and Lengnau
- CM|Cameroon — Beth Yeshourun
- CM|Sa’a and Yaoundé
- CM|Sa’a, Yaoundé and Douala — Beth Yeshourun
- CN|Dandan Öïliq / Khotan region
- CN|Khotan / Hetian region
- CV|Santo Antão, São Vicente, Boa Vista and Santiago
- CW|Curaçao
- CY|Cyprus
- DE|Medieval empire; geographic extent not modern Germany
- DZ|Vichy camps across Algeria
- EG|Al Bubizig; identification unresolved
- EG|Alexandria and Egypt to its southern boundary
- EG|Damira; identification unresolved
- EG|Egypt; Jacob’s arriving household
- EG|Egypt; locality unspecified
- EG|Egypt; origin region
- EG|Goshen / land of Rameses
- EG|Heluan; identification uncertain
- EG|Herakleopolite district; station unspecified
- EG|Krokodilopolis; property at Apias
- EG|Lammanah; identification unresolved
- EG|Migdol in Egypt
- EG|Muneh Sifte; identification unresolved
- EG|Pathros / Upper Egypt
- EG|Pithom
- EG|Raamses
- EG|Rameses to Succoth; Egyptian departure route
- EG|Samnu; identification unresolved
- EG|Schedia Menelaïs
- EG|Simasim; identification unresolved
- EG|Tahpanhes
- EG|Tanis / Tinnis; identification requires review
- EG|Trikomia, Fayum
- EG|Wilderness of Sinai; camp not securely located
- ER|Eritrea
- ER|Massawa to Asmara
- ES|Majorca / Mallorca
- ES|Menorca / Minorca
- ET|Dambiya
- ET|Semien highlands
- ET|Semien highlands and Dambiya
- ET|Woggara
- FJ|Fiji
- GB|England
- GB|England, including London
- GB|Ospringe
- GE|Urbnisi
- GF|Cayenne island / colony
- GF|Rémire / Cayenne
- GH|Gold Coast; town unspecified
- GH|North of Accra; exact workplace unspecified
- GH|Sehwi region; House of Israel
- GR|Achelous; exact town uncertain
- GR|Argos and Corinth
- GR|Crete
- GR|Crete; origin region
- GR|Crissa
- GR|Demetrizi; identification unresolved
- GR|Euboea
- GR|Gardiki; identification unresolved
- GR|Jabustrisa; identification unresolved
- GR|Lesbos / Mytilene
- GR|Rabonica; identification unresolved
- GR|Sinon Potamo; identification unresolved
- GR|Thessaly, Boeotia, Aetolia and Attica
- GR|Vissena; identification unresolved
- GY|Berbice
- GY|Essequibo
- GY|New Middleburgh / Pomeroon River
- GY|Nieuw Middelburg / Pomeroon River
- GY|Pomeroon River colony
- ID|Dutch East Indies; scattered settlements
- IE|Anglo-Norman Ireland; settlements unspecified
- IE|Ireland; audience with Tairdelbach Úa Briain, exact locality unknown
- IL|Adullam
- IL|Alma
- IL|Beth-Pelet / Bethphelet
- IL|Dibon in Judah; not Dibon in Moab
- IL|En-Rimmon / Enrimmon
- IL|Gerar; precise site unresolved
- IL|Hazar-Shual / Hazarshual
- IL|Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh and Hazor; northern kingdom
- IL|Jekabzeel
- IL|Jeshua / Yeshuah
- IL|Kiriath-jearim, Chephirah and Beeroth; cross-border group
- IL|Lachish and Azekah
- IL|Lod, Hadid and Ono
- IL|Mekonah / Meconah
- IL|Moladah
- IL|Nabratein / Navoria
- IL|Negev; precise camp unspecified
- IL|Southern Levant; exact settlement not specified
- IL|Zanoah
- IL|Ziklag; location debated
- IL|Zorah and Jarmuth
- IN|Andrapolis; location unresolved
- IN|Chaul / Ṣaymūr
- IN|Malabar coast
- IN|Navgaon / Konkan coast
- IQ|Adiabene; northern Mesopotamian kingdom
- IQ|Adiabene; royal court
- IQ|Al-Anbar
- IQ|Al-Yahudu and neighboring Babylonian settlements
- IQ|Babylonia and neighboring territories
- IQ|Babylonia; rural settlements unspecified
- IQ|Casiphia / Kasiphia; site unknown
- IQ|Charax Spasini; southern Mesopotamian court
- IQ|Chebar canal / Tel-abib in Babylonia
- IQ|Hadara; identification unresolved
- IQ|Halah; Assyrian district, exact location unresolved
- IQ|Mesopotamia; origin region
- IQ|Nehardea / Neerda
- IQ|Pumbedita academy
- IQ|River Ahava; exact waterway unknown
- IQ|Sura academy
- IQ|Ukbara
- IQ|Ur of the Chaldees; identification debated
- IR|Cities of the Medes; unspecified
- IR|Fars province; city unspecified
- IR|Parthia, Media and Elam; broad origin regions
- IR|Rudbar; identification unresolved
- IR|Tabaristan; identification unresolved
- IT|Catania or Rome; origin disputed
- IT|Sardinia
- JO|Ammon; locality unspecified
- JO|Edom; locality unspecified
- JO|Moab; locality unspecified
- JO|Plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho
- JO|Succoth, east of the Jordan
- KR|South Korea; military locations unspecified
- KZ|Semipalatinsk region
- LB|Mount Lebanon / Druze districts
- LB|Phoenicia
- LB|Phoenicia / Phenice; city unspecified
- LI|Eschnerberg: Eschen, Mauren and Nendeln
- LI|Vaduz, Nendeln, Schaan and Eschen
- LV|Piltene / Courland
- LY|Cyrenaica to camps, chiefly Giado
- LY|Libya near Cyrene
- MA|Boujad
- MA|French-zone Morocco
- MA|Ifrane
- MA|Ifrane Anti-Atlas / Oufrane
- MA|Im Fout labor camp
- MA|Souk-el-Arba
- MG|Ampanotokana community
- MG|Antananarivo area
- MX|Mexico; Cortés expedition, locality unspecified
- MX|Mexico; Masonic temple hall, city unspecified in source
- MX|Mexico; destination towns unspecified
- MX|Mexico; execution locality unspecified in consulted entry
- MX|Pánuco region / landing locality
- NA|Namaqualand coast / Pomona area
- NC|New Caledonia
- NG|Nigeria
- PE|Lima–Callao community using Baquíjano cemetery
- PF|Tahiti
- PL|Greater Poland / Wielkopolska; charter issued at Kalisz
- PS|Ananiah
- PS|Anathoth
- PS|Azmaveth; site identification unresolved
- PS|Beit Nuba
- PS|Bethel / Luz
- PS|Bethel and Ai
- PS|Between Bethel and Ai
- PS|Dothan
- PS|Gaza / Gaza-Maiumas synagogue
- PS|Geba, Michmash, Ai and Bethel
- PS|Geruth Chimham, near Bethlehem
- PS|Gittaim
- PS|Hazor in Benjamin; not northern Hazor
- PS|Jerusalem and Judah; returnee aggregate
- PS|Judah; rural localities unspecified
- PS|Judah; towns and countryside, cross-border modern index
- PS|Michmas
- PS|Mizpah in Benjamin
- PS|Na’aran, near Jericho
- PS|Neballat
- PS|Netophah; site identification unresolved
- PS|Nob, in Benjamin
- PS|Ramah and Geba
- PS|Ramah in Benjamin
- PS|Zeboim
- PT|Azores archipelago
- PT|Faial, Azores
- PT|Roman villa near São Bartolomeu de Messines, Silves
- PT|São Jorge, Azores
- PT|São Miguel, Azores
- PT|Terceira, Azores
- PT|Terceira, Azores (landing place uncertain)
- RU|Atil / Itil–Khazaran, lower Volga
- RU|Khazar polity; capital location uncertain
- RU|Samandar / Semender, northeastern Caucasus
- RU|Samkush / Samkerts; proposed Tamatarkha / Tmutarakan
- SE|Stockholm, Gothenburg and Norrköping
- SK|Schlossberg and Zuckermandel, Bratislava suburbs
- SN|Coast between Cap-Vert and Cap-Roxo
- SN|Joal and Porto d’Ale / Portudal
- SN|Petite Côte
- SN|Petite Côte; exact locality unspecified
- SN|Petite Côte; specific locality requires original-text review
- SN|Petite Côte; specific station unspecified
- SN|Porto d’Ale / Portudal
- SN|Portudal / Porto de Ale
- SN|Portudal / Porto de Ale; locality attribution disputed
- SN|Portudal and Joal
- SN|Portudal, after landing at Joal
- SO|British Somaliland
- SO|Italian Somaliland
- SR|Cassipora
- SR|Jodensavanne
- SR|Thorarica
- ST|São Tomé island
- SY|Habor / Gozan region
- SY|Qal’at Ja’bar
- SY|Qarqisiya
- SY|Rahba
- SY|Syria and Coele-Syria
- SY|Syria; household of Naaman, precise locality unspecified
- TN|German labor and detention camps across Tunisia
- TN|Mahdia and Monastir
- TN|Northwestern Algerian–Tunisian borderlands
- TO|Ha’apai
- TO|Tonga
- TR|Akmoneia / Acmonia
- TR|Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia
- TR|Kales; identification unresolved
- TR|Kyme or Phokaia; attribution unresolved
- TR|Lydia and Phrygia
- TR|Pamphylia, Cilicia, Asia, Bithynia and Pontus
- TR|Pera / Constantinople: Karaites
- TR|Pera / Constantinople: Rabbanites
- TR|Pontus; Aquila’s birthplace
- TW|Taiwan
- UG|Eastern Uganda / Mbale region
- US|Roanoke Island, North Carolina
- VI|St Thomas
- YE|Himyar
- YE|Himyar, southwestern Arabia; city unspecified
- YE|Mawza'
- YE|Ānis region
- ZW|Southern Rhodesia / Zimbabwe


## Edition 2.13 geographic review — 10 October 2026

The 166 new observations include 75 with reviewed reference coordinates. The other 91 concern broad historical regions, cross-border totals, an unnamed survey sample, unspecified or unresolved ancient locations, or historical country scopes requiring boundary review. They remain searchable; no city location is invented for them.

New city aliases use the official GeoNames cities500 export, with modern country and historical context checked. Leszno is the western Polish city, not the smaller namesake near Warsaw. Brody is in Ukraine. Kazimierz counts use an explicitly labeled associated Kraków city reference, not a claimed precise quarter boundary. Uruk, Sippar and Borsippa use reviewed Pleiades ancient-site references.

Population estimates do not establish exact arrival, continuous occupation or a universal departure. No complete-departure flags were added. Broad regional estimates remain withheld from point mapping rather than being represented at an arbitrary capital.


## Edition 2.14 geographic review — 10 October 2026

This pass adds 720 evidence observations, including 646 with reviewed locality, archaeological-site or country reference coordinates. Coordinates do not claim precise historical Jewish quarters, buildings or population boundaries. The disputed Elche building remains withheld from Jewish population dots even though its site coordinate is known. Regional aggregates and unresolved named places remain searchable without invented points.

New city references use the official GeoNames cities500 export, restricted by country and reviewed modern aliases. Ambiguous matches were reviewed explicitly: Příbram in Bohemia, Slavkov/Austerlitz near Brno, Metz in Lorraine, Ferrara in Emilia-Romagna, Satu Mare city, Trnava in western Slovakia, and Rabat on Malta rather than its Gozo namesake. Rabat is a city reference, not an exact catacomb entrance. Aquincum uses an associated modern district reference, not a claimed Roman synagogue coordinate. Saranda uses the university catalogue’s archaeological-site coordinates. Bangor’s Welsh/Northern Irish namesake remains unlocated pending context review.

The recent national series uses country reference points. Historical comparisons for AD1939/1945 remain withheld until their source-specific territorial footprints are reviewed; they are not silently mapped onto present-day borders. Combined country groups are not allocated without evidence.

Three explicit scoped source reports record complete local departures: Frankfurt Judengasse AD1614 (later return AD1616), Jelgava AD1915 (later return), and Davydkovo village AD1951 (not Moscow city). The Frankfurt Judengasse closure also applies to the reviewed city alias for this documented citywide expulsion. Neighboring cities and later settlement remain visible. Satu Mare AD1715 remains a reported expulsion without confirmed complete departure; partial losses and surviving remnants elsewhere do not become zeros.

## Edition 2.15 geographic review — 11 October 2026

This African pass adds 535 evidence observations, including 397 with reviewed reference coordinates. Exact, country-restricted locality aliases use the GeoNames export. Coordinates represent a locality, island or country, not an exact Jewish home, synagogue, parish footprint or historical boundary. Unidentified Ethiopian parishes, unnamed internment camps, broad regions and unresolved ancient sites remain searchable without invented dots.

Cape Verde island counts use reviewed island or associated municipality references with explicit precision labels. Historical Ribeira Grande on Santiago is Cidade Velha, as UNESCO confirms; its prior map alias incorrectly used the namesake on Santo Antão and is corrected. Original historical evidence is preserved.

The source-defined units remain intact. Recent observations are country-level. Permanent-resident absence does not imply absence of visitors, and partial migration or conversion does not become universal geographical departure. Every new complete-departure record retains an explicit source scope and date; no departure is inferred from declining census totals.

## Edition 2.16 geographic review — 12 October 2026

This pass adds 674 Asian evidence observations, including 446 with reviewed reference coordinates. Ancient Sippar, Nippur and Babylon reuse the existing scholarly gazetteer references. Fāknūr/Barkur follows the Princeton Geniza Project’s historical-port reference. Modern city references are country-restricted and represent associated localities, not exact Jewish houses, synagogues, census boundaries, camps or graves.

Namesake locations were checked against the historical setting: Farahabad in Mazandaran, Khorramabad in Lorestan, Kainsk/Kuibyshev in Siberia rather than Samara, Manali in Himachal Pradesh, Srinagar in Kashmir, Nagasaki port, Surabaya in East Java, Bandung in West Java, and Hanoi. Indian city-and-cantonment, town, district and princely-state counts retain their source-defined footprints and are not additive. Broad districts and regions remain unlocated; no district-to-capital fallback is used.

Shingly is not plotted as medieval Songkhla after the scholars’ corrected reading. Kalah and al-Jāwa are not forced into modern country boundaries. Undated events, uncertain property associations and disputed identity claims are withheld or qualified. Exact camp sites and unresolved ancient settlements remain searchable without invented dots.

Mosul’s AD 1950–1955 and Irbil town’s AD 1951 complete-departure statements are explicitly scoped local reports. Khaybar’s AD 642 expulsion retained protected families and is not a complete closure. Conversion, institutional closure, declining counts, persecution and partial departures do not establish universal physical absence. Recent observations are country-level only; alternative citizenship, ethnicity, membership and core definitions remain separate.


## Edition 2.17 geographic review — 12 October 2026

This Middle East study adds 414 observations, including 329 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Modern city aliases are country-restricted; ancient sites use reviewed scholarly gazetteers. The dot identifies an associated locality, not exact houses, graves, synagogue buildings, historical district or census boundaries. Unlocated ancient villages, wider districts, undated reports and unresolved identity claims remain searchable without invented dots.

Historic Palestine census boundaries retain their original scope. AD 1922 Jaffa includes Tel Aviv; the AD 1931 separate Jewish subtotals are not all-inhabitant counts. Whole Jerusalem municipal counts span current IL/PS divisions and are not national allocations. Police-post, military-station, attached-suburb and neighborhood counts are distinct and overlapping. Associated-city references carry an explicit precision qualification.

Hilla, Kirkuk and Koy Sanjaq have explicit source reports of complete local migration, each within its reported date window. Sulaymaniyah retained a family and Bahrain retained residents. Partial expulsion, massacre, conversion, loss of institutions or shrinking population does not justify an all-residents physical-exit flag. New records after AD 1975 are country-level only; alternative demographic definitions do not replace current core estimates.

Three earlier Egypt WJC entries retain their original dates and numeric values but are now qualified as disputed by Krämer’s AD 1927/1937 census table. Competing dates are evidence alternatives, not additive populations. Earliest patriarchal chronology and prior map conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.18 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Central America study adds 169 observations, including 154 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. All seven countries have new observations. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases identify associated towns; a dot does not claim exact homes, synagogues, refugee sites or census boundaries. Province and district totals are not placed at arbitrary capitals.

Panamá Viejo uses UNESCO component 1582rev-005 (N9 0 23.97, W79 29 6.98), separately from the later Casco Antiguo. The colonial Guatemala capital is Antigua/Santiago de Guatemala; later Guatemala City is separate. Traders’ town associations do not prove continuous permanent settlement. Undefined isthmian ports and historic Canal Zone totals remain searchable without invented point locations.

Accusations with unknown living dates, proposed settlements and mixed-identity family or marriage cohorts cannot size Jewish population dots. Original units and overlapping national/city scopes remain explicit. All new observations after AD 1975 are country-level; current core estimates are preserved while previously unknown Belize and Nicaragua receive source-defined recent community figures.

No new complete physical-departure flags are inferred. Nicaragua retained people after AD 1979 emigration. Declining numbers, lost religious identity, conversion, institutional closure, passports issued abroad and unexecuted refugee plans do not establish universal physical absence. The biblical chronology and previous map conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.19 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Oceania study adds 571 evidence observations, including 357 with reviewed reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases identify associated localities, not exact Jewish homes, synagogues, camps or colonial census boundaries. State, province, historic district, island-group and wartime service footprints retain their source scope; broad aggregates are not assigned to arbitrary capitals.

Australian and New Zealand religion censuses retain original person counts. Individual settlers, prisoners, families, synagogue members and service attendees remain distinct. After AD 1975 new observations are country or territory-level only; core estimates are preserved, and previously unknown recent country figures retain the source's definition.

Hawaiian localities are indexed under the present United States while retaining the kingdom, territory or state period in qualifications. Northern Mariana Islands records, where present, are separate from Guam. Native Christian lost-tribe claims, surnames, ancestry, Torah ownership and proposed refugee settlements do not establish Jewish residents. Uncertain identities, undated evidence and unsupported boundaries remain qualified or withheld from dots.

No death, conversion, institutional closure, departure of an individual, or declining census count is treated as universal physical migration. Existing historical evidence, biblical chronology and grayscale conventions are preserved.


## Edition 2.20 geographic review — 13 October 2026

This Russia study adds 703 observations, including 596 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames aliases and existing reviewed archaeological references identify associated places, not exact Jewish homes, synagogues, quarter boundaries or historical census footprints. Unresolved Caucasus villages and broad governorates remain searchable without invented dots.

Nakhichevan-on-Don refers to the historic town incorporated into Rostov-on-Don, not Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan. Regional and city census counts, soldiers, families, pupils, refugees and named traders retain separate units and overlapping scopes. The questioned Phanagoria AD 16/17 inscription is withheld from population dots; a restored prayer-house attribution is challenged by a recent inspection of the original stone. Earliest surviving evidence does not establish first arrival.

The national demographic series preserves its original territorial and identity definitions. Russian Federation, Russian Empire and Soviet Union totals are not interchangeable. The source table that retrospectively includes Crimea is retained as a qualified comparison and withheld from country dots pending territorial harmonization; this is a source-footprint description, not a political boundary assertion. Existing AD 2025 core population estimates are preserved. New observations after AD 1975 are whole-country only.

Partial migration, declining counts, conversion, deaths and synagogue closure do not establish complete physical departure. Old evidence rows and biblical chronology remain intact. Alternative readings and census figures are not additive; unresolved originals and conflicts remain in the issues and reading queue.


## Edition 2.21 geographic review — 14 October 2026

This North America study adds 1023 observations, including 736 with reviewed locality or country reference coordinates. Country-restricted GeoNames references identify associated towns. States, provinces, combined metropolitan areas and unresolved colonial sites are not assigned to arbitrary city capitals. A point does not identify an exact home, synagogue, quarter, camp or historical census boundary.

United States references are restricted to the stated state and Canadian references to the stated province. Single named community/metro estimates retain their source-defined footprint at an explicitly qualified associated city reference. Barbados parish returns use associated parish points; Sint Eustatius, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Trinidad and Martinique island totals use island references. Martinique has a separate territory index and unknown recent count. Thule/Pituffik follows the official military-base reference, distinct from Qaanaaq; Kangerlussuaq and Kangilinnguit postings use associated locality references.

Historical census categories, named people, families, households, synagogue members, refugees and military personnel retain their original units. City and national totals overlap and are not additive. Decade brackets and uncertain date intervals represent the evidence, not continuous residence. First evidence does not establish first arrival.

National estimates after AD 1975 retain different census, survey, core and household definitions. Current core estimates remain intact. Ancestry, Christian converso descent, unexecuted settlement proposals and religious categories that include unquantified other identities do not establish an unqualified living Jewish headcount. Such records remain searchable with their qualifications or withheld from population dots.

Declining counts, deaths, conversion, closing institutions and partial departures do not establish that all residents physically migrated away. Recorded complete departures require an explicit source and scope. Earlier evidence, biblical chronology, grayscale settings, map playback options and cluster interactions are preserved.

The explicit AD 1896 departure applies only to the final Blank’s Lake colony residents, not the surrounding Red Deer/Pine Lake district. Its exact colony site remains unresolved and unplotted. Two previous Canadian national observations receive qualification-only census comparisons; their original date, count and source cells remain intact.

## Edition 2.22 geographic review — 14 October 2026

This classical-author study adds 163 observations, 93 with reviewed reference coordinates. Ancient places follow the Pleiades scholarly gazetteer or already reviewed associated city references. A point does not identify the author's precise residence, a synagogue, a battle, a prison, a historical district or every Jewish resident.

Unresolved Galilean villages, disputed Taricheae and Peraean Gadara identifications, broad territories and document-only city associations remain explicitly qualified or withheld from dots. The Peraean Gadara is not assumed to be Decapolis Gadara/Umm Qais. Province totals are not allocated to capitals. Changed borders do not determine Jewish identity or source chronology.

Residents, named converts, visitors, ambassadors, captives, combatants, festival crowds, elders and occupied dwellings retain their original units. Literary counts are not exact censuses; casualty totals are not resident stocks. Parallel texts and nested cohorts are not added together. Event dates, writing dates and uncertain reconstruction windows remain distinct.

Justus's histories are lost. Photius and Josephus provide indirect notices and testimony, with Josephus's hostile perspective stated. No lost book is claimed to have been consulted. First attestation is not first arrival, and death, partial expulsion or closing a synagogue does not establish complete physical migration. Earlier observations, biblical chronology, current national estimates and the map's date ordering are preserved.


## Edition 2.23 geographic review

This study adds 35 classical-writer observations, 13 with cited associated locality references. Original fields, current country estimates and biblical chronology are preserved.

Cicero's collection centres are evidence of Jewish Temple funds, not independently established urban living headcounts. Pliny's Essene location is not automatically Qumran. Satire, origin myths, uncertain identity and undated testimony have withheld dots. Siege populations and visitor groups do not size resident bubbles. Ancient regions are not assigned an arbitrary capital. Source quantities retain their units; no universal departure is inferred from legal orders or deaths.


## Edition 2.24 geographic review — 19 October 2026

This small-town study adds 158 historical observations across five country indexes; 144 have reviewed locality references. Modern GeoNames town points are checked against country and historical context, including Opatów in Świętokrzyskie, Briceni town rather than its namesake village, and Lipcani rather than its railway stations. A point does not claim an exact historical home, synagogue, ghetto or census boundary.

Source-defined districts, unnamed village groups, dependent-settlement totals and property-only associations retain withheld dots. Old and New Žagarė component counts remain unplotted pending separate historical locality review. Town and district totals overlap. Families, tax payers, dwellings, visitors, named residents, forced cohorts and returnees are not converted to total resident headcounts. All earlier observations, current national estimates and biblical chronology remain preserved. No universal physical departures are inferred.


## Edition 2.25 geographic review — 19 October 2026

This pass adds 34 documentary observations, of which 8 have reviewed references. The other records remain searchable in the spreadsheet with withheld map points. Reused Pleiades references identify Elephantine, Herakleopolis, Miletus, Aphrodisias and Sardis; they do not locate exact homes, temples, graves, seats or historical boundaries.

Named living people, legal visitors, witnesses, donors, deceased persons and institutional attestations retain their original scope. Unknown population is not zero. Broad uncertain dates are not continuous occupancy, and lower-only or unknown dates are not given invented endpoints. No complete departures are added.

Edfu's third-century BC documentary attribution remains withheld pending full primary-provenance review. Syene's Mibtahiah oath document has contradictory formatted date/ruler metadata and remains undated. Burials do not establish a living residential census.


## Edition 2.26 geographic review — 19 October 2026

This medieval settlement-network pass adds 59 observations, of which 38 have reviewed locality references. Coordinates identify named historical localities or associated cities, not exact houses, courts, synagogues, quarters or historical boundaries.

Resident households, dated institutional activity and temporary visits retain different source scopes. Retrospective voyages with no secure event year, unresolved property villages, planned voyages, uncertain religious identities and ambiguous destination alternatives remain withheld. Unknown size is not zero, and named people are not a whole-community census. No complete departure is added without explicit source evidence.

North African and Egyptian references distinguish Tinnis from Tanis and the medieval city of Barqa from Cyrenaica as a region. New aliases use scholarly historical gazetteers or reviewed modern locality references. Modern country indexing does not claim historical borders or settle current territorial disputes.


## Edition 2.27 geographic review — 19 October 2026

This geography-only review examines 70 historical place labels covering 88 observations. Cited coordinates are recorded for 36 observations; other location, date, identity or residence restrictions remain visible. No historical population observations, counts, dates, arrival or departure claims have been added or changed.

An additional 872 previously used map references are transcribed into the workbook coordinate columns. These are existing map positions, not newly discovered communities or newly verified historical identifications. This makes the downloaded workbook more portable for later uploads. Their coordinate source, precision and carried-reference status are explicit.

Associated town, archaeological-site, island and country references are not exact historical homes, synagogues, Jewish quarters or population boundaries. The newly reviewed references distinguish Middle Atlas Ifrane from Anti-Atlas Oufrane, town points from agricultural colony networks, Cassipora's unlocated settlement from its known cemetery, and approximate biblical localities from disputed sites. Geographic identification does not independently establish biblical chronology, Jewish identity, descent from Jacob, residence, a living headcount or continuous occupation.

The official GeoNames export was checked against 1,593 existing gazetteer references; no positional discrepancy above five kilometres was found in those matched records. This coordinate-consistency check is not a new historical-identification audit of all those places. Eight Jerusalem index differences concern modern catalogue classifications, not shifted coordinates; existing country indexes remain unchanged. Nine Damascus observations use a modern town reference about 1.7km from the ancient-town reference; both remain labeled at their original precision.

Historical evidence remains incomplete. Unlocated sites and regional aggregates stay searchable without guessed population dots. Known geography does not override property-only, burial-only, uncertain-identity or undated-evidence restrictions. No universal migration is inferred from death, conversion, institutional closure or partial departure.

Thirty-four previously unplotted evidence records are eligible for map dots after this review; two additional records receive geographic references but retain their non-geographic dot restrictions.


## Edition 2.28 geographic review — 19 October 2026

This continuation reviews 37 place labels covering 48 existing historical records. It adds sourced geographic references for 26 records and retains 22 records without invented coordinates. No historical observations, population counts, date bounds, original population citations, arrival claims or departure fields are added or changed.

The locations include associated ancient sites and medieval towns, separate European settlements and neighborhoods, Canadian historic sites, the Fort Raleigh park area, coastal Sulima, Dondo on the Kwanza and Portudal. Coordinates identify a documented site or approximate associated locality, not a precise Jewish home, historical quarter, entire estate or population boundary. The Na’aran record is near Jericho rather than modern Niran; Beit Nuba is not assumed to be biblical Nob; Qarqisiya is not shifted to Carchemish because of Benjamin's biblical equation.

Canadian farm-colony names often cover dispersed homesteads beyond the towns whose names they borrowed. Town centers, surviving cemeteries, modern administrative districts and unrelated namesakes are not used as substitutes. Margo's colony/locality association, the Rahba old/new town landscape, Moscow's German Quarter and the precise Quissembo factory settlement remain unresolved. The disputed Portudal/Joal observation stays unplotted even though Portudal itself is geographically identifiable.

All 6560 historical observations and every modern/present-day estimate are preserved. The coordinate references transcribed in edition2.27 remain in the workbook for future uploads; they are not counted as new verifications in this continuation. Geographic verification does not establish Jewish identity, descent from Jacob, narrative chronology, a population total, continuous occupation or universal departure. No family multipliers, overlapping-total summation or yearly interpolation is introduced.

26 previously unplotted evidence records are eligible for map dots after this review. Other evidence restrictions are preserved.


## Edition 2.29 geographic review — 20 October 2026

This geographic verification pass reviews 25 place labels covering 30 existing historical records. It supplies cited reference coordinates for 19 records and documents why 11 records retain blank coordinates. No population observations, dates, counts, original population citations, arrival or departure fields are changed.

New references include ancient Mesopotamian and Anatolian places, Dagestan villages, Chaul, the original Changi prison monument, medieval Achir and Ospringe village. Archaeological city references can have kilometre-scale precision; village references do not identify historical Jewish houses or quarters. The Changi reference identifies surviving original prison structures, not the relocated museum or particular cells. Ospringe uses an explicitly qualified reference in the old village, not the modern parish centroid or a claimed Jewish building.

Modern namesakes and relocation matter. Karchag moved to the plain after the nineteenth-century observation; its modern village point cannot stand for the old settlement. Chir-Yurt’s village, sloboda, station and modern-town associations remain unresolved. Nehardea and Sura/Mata Mehasya remain unplotted, as do the Pussellawa business/residence association and the precise Hamadera camp reference. An estate’s location does not prove that all its business partners lived there.

The collection retains all 6560 historical observations. Unplotted rows include broad regions, combined territories, unknown locations and evidence that cannot justify a living-population dot. The Read me sheet records map-eligibility totals across all dates/views; these are not the number visible at one slider date. Unknown population size alone does not prevent a qualified presence marker. Modern and present-day estimates, complete-departure fields, biblical chronology and existing map references are preserved.

19 previously unplotted evidence records are eligible for map dots after this review. Other evidence restrictions are preserved.


## Edition 2.30 regional and evidence displays — 20 October 2026

This edition adds 141 sourced region/group references covering 341 records and reviews 91 evidence-specific display decisions. References are associated labels with explicit scope notes, not invented historical boundaries, precise Jewish homes or population-density surfaces. One combined observation retains one count across all components.

Across all views, 410 additional historical/modern source records now have a display (367 presence/event/regional records and 43 optional contextual records). The 98 present-day unknown estimates have separate optional data-availability badges. No estimate, arrival, departure, original unit or source qualification was changed. All 6,560 historical rows remain.

There are 1,221 unresolved historical records; modern combined estimates all have grouped references. Unknown date, disputed identity, mixed population definitions and physical-presence limits remain visible. Original restrictions are preserved alongside new reviewed display fields. Map geography and map-display columns travel with spreadsheet updates.

## Edition 2.31 continued geographic review — 20 October 2026

This pass reviews 351 of those unresolved records. It adds reviewed displays for 202 historical observations: 64 in Russia, 62 in India, 42 in Australia and New Zealand, and 34 ancient regional attestations. Of these, 200 support qualified presence, event, regional or grouped displays. Two are optional documentary-association or disputed-claim displays. Eleven have uncertain or undated chronology and belong in that separate view. There are 1,019 historical records still unresolved across all dates and views.

The 122 new geographic references include historical New Zealand counties; Indian districts, states and agencies described in contemporary gazetteers; and Russian provinces and districts identified in the [RISTAT historical GIS](https://ristat.org/maps), with the original files now available at [Dataverse](https://doi.org/10.34894/NQOASN). Russian regional labels were calculated inside the named historical features rather than placed at their capitals. Rural-only Smolensk district figures retain their exclusion of towns. Indian regional labels use explicitly documented gazetteer limits or associated locality references; they are not reconstructed boundaries or population centres. Historical geographic identity does not establish unchanged boundaries across observation years.

Ancient regional labels use the [official Pleiades gazetteer export](https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads) and retain source-specific readings of Josephus, Philo, Tacitus, Strabo, Pliny, Cassius Dio and Acts. An order to resettle families does not prove completed arrival. Josephus's wife's former Cretan residence has no invented observation year. Essene literary totals are not assigned to Qumran, and shared regional lists retain one observation and one original figure.

No historical observations were added or removed. All 6,560 original historical records retain their counts, units, dates, citations, qualifications, arrival fields and departure fields. Every new display is unsized; no household multiplier, overlapping-total sum, permanent migration or ancestry inference is introduced. The workbook includes the new geographic references, display decisions and specific reasons for records retained after review.

## Edition 2.32 continued geographic review — 21 October 2026

This pass reviews 295 of the 1,019 unresolved records and adds qualified displays for 108: 46 North American records, 25 European historical statistical records, 20 ancient/documentary/biblical records and 17 Ethiopian records. Of these, 96 support presence, event, regional or grouped displays; 12 are optional documentary associations or source claims. Twelve have uncertain dates and fourteen are undated. Those 26 belong in the separate uncertain/undated view; these categories overlap. There are 911 historical records still unresolved across all dates and views.

The 73 new references retain historical scopes rather than assigning aggregate counts to a city. Original [American Jewish Year Book tables](https://www.jewishdatabank.org/content/upload/bjdb/1971_Jewish_Population_of_the_United_States_%28AJYB-1972%29.pdf) define the AD 1971 county and metropolitan components. Official US Census and Canadian geographical-name records supply label references, with source-defined portions left untraced. One total remains one observation across grouped components. Canadian colony references use published legal-survey descriptions where verified; village centres and surviving cemeteries do not replace unknown farm tracts. A homestead filing and a Louisbourg brewery partnership remain optional associations, without asserting residence there.

[YIVO's original historical population tables](https://yivo-public-assets.yivo.org/encyclopedia/0650DF58-27C6-4C84-BFEF-E8989366DD26/PopMig_before_WWI_table3_1428.pdf) explicitly use later fixed comparison geographies for some earlier estimates. An AD 1800 Congress Poland or Posen estimate does not imply that the later polity already existed. Historical regional labels use [HistoGIS](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266194), Getty TGN or GeoNames references; their exact statistical boundaries are not drawn. HistoGIS data are attributed to the Austrian Academy of Sciences and used under CC BY 4.0. Nested and overlapping regional totals remain separate source observations and are never added together.

Ethiopian identifications follow published work by [Kribus and Krebs](https://doi.org/10.13154/er.v6.2018.309-344), [Dege-Müller](https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/1546) and [Kribus](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781802700060.024). Historical prayer-house parish totals remain regional labels, with hearths, priests, monks, families and inhabitants kept as distinct source units. Published survey coordinates identify documented localities; digitized positions of regional labels on a published graticuled map do not imply reconstructed boundaries or population centres. Similar parish names without an explicit historical identification remain unresolved.

Ancient town references use the [official Pleiades gazetteer export](https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads). The Lod–Hadid–Ono group retains one undivided textual observation. Capernaum's whole-town estimate is not treated as a Jewish count. Cicero's Temple-fund collection centres are optional associations, not donor residence censuses. The Sardis donor inscriptions have one-sided archaeological dating bounds and remain undated; an AD 270 lower bound does not become an exact observation or continuous residence to the present. A Geniza merchant's earlier Qūṣ visit likewise is not redated to the AD 1098 testimony.

All 6,560 historical observations, all modern and present-day estimates, original dates, counts, units, source citations, qualifications, arrival and departure fields are preserved. Every new display is unsized. The workbook carries the reviewed geography, display permissions, date treatment and specific reasons for retained records, so these decisions survive a future spreadsheet upload.

## Edition 2.33 continued geographic review — 21 October 2026

This pass reviews 301 of the 911 unresolved historical records and adds reviewed displays for 82: 38 in the Levant, 19 Egyptian and Iraqi documentary or literary attestations, 18 Russian records and seven Australian records. Of these, 69 support qualified presence, event, regional or grouped displays; 13 are optional associations or claims. Fourteen have uncertain dates and one is undated, so those 15 belong in the separate uncertain/undated view. These categories overlap. There are 829 historical records still unresolved across all dates and views. The 219 retained records reviewed in this batch have source-specific reasons in the workbook.

The 57 new geographic references preserve the source's spatial scope. The [1931 Palestine census](https://content.ecf.org.il/files/M00787_1931PalestineCensusPopulationFigures.pdf), especially printed pp.13–16,37,39,41,83–88,91, distinguishes localities, attached quarters and institutional components. A combined return stays a single unsized observation. Contemporary census names are checked against official GeoNames name records. Biblical groups retain one observation across the source-named places; uncertain narrative chronology remains separate. A verified archaeological place does not establish an exact biblical date or independently prove the narrative. Tell Hesban remains unresolved for the proposed early Amorite Heshbon episode.

The [Australian historical religion tables](https://socialsciences.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/29-Historical-Statisitics-Chapter-25-final.pdf), printed p.424, explicitly include the Northern Territory in the AD 1871–1901 South Australian series. Each year retains one total across a grouped territorial reference, without allocating people to either component. The [AD 1870 Western Australian census](https://hccda.ada.edu.au/Collated_Census_Tables/WA-1870-census.html), Table5, separately excludes the convict establishment; its 57-person district-return total is preserved. John Harris's Mulgrave Place record follows the [Australian Dictionary of Biography](https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/harris-john-2162) description near Windsor. The marker labels that vicinity rather than an exact inn or modern suburb. Unverified historical electoral districts, residencies and New Zealand counties remain unresolved.

Anisimov's [original Mountain Jewish tables](https://www.stmegi.com/upload/iblock/0f7/0f7749955015805e1d5861561ff0abb4.pdf), printed pp.182,184, explicitly provide parent-region headings. Seventeen locality observations use Daghestan, Kaitago-Tabassaran, Kyurin or Kuban regional labels from the [RISTAT historical geography](https://doi.org/10.34894/NQOASN). Exact village sites and unchanged period boundaries are not asserted. Old and new Dzhegonas settlements coexisted and relocation occurred in stages; no single modern namesake or complete departure is inferred. The Viipuri refugee record is an optional city-level lodging association; its AD 1938 Finnish setting remains explicit.

Ancient Egyptian legal documents distinguish home, property, military posting and receiving institution. [P.Tebt.III818](https://philipharland.com/greco-roman-associations/loan-agreement-between-the-judeans-judas-and-agathokles-174-bce/) supplies an Arsinoite transaction association and a separate Herakleopolite military posting. [P.Polit.Iud.8](https://papyri.uni-koeln.de/stueck/tm44624) explicitly places Teis in the Oxyrhynchite nome. Other petitions have optional associations with the Judaean corporate body at Herakleopolis; the marker does not locate a petitioner's home, an unnamed prison or an unnamed village. Pathros uses a qualified Upper Egypt reference, with the [Zondervan geographical identification](https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Pathros). Philo's Egypt-wide figure remains an optional literary claim rather than an Alexandria census. Roman provinces and ancient nomes use the [official Pleiades export](https://pleiades.stoa.org/downloads).

[Alstola's study](https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/7aa4f149-8dce-4d26-a666-78617a3b4aae/content), printed pp.229,231–234 (PDF242,244–247), supports source-defined Borsippa and Sippar countryside references and an Isin land-document association. Exact rural village sites remain unknown. The uncertain first sign in the Bīt-Nabû-lēʾi farmer's name remains an optional identity claim. Benjamin's Babylon passage distinguishes ruins from an inhabited place nearby; its marker labels the vicinity and retains the literary count and uncertain travel period. [Princeton's ʿAydhāb authority](https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/places/aydhab/) supports Lebdi's documented merchant stop, but the AD 1098 court testimony does not become his visit date. It remains undated.

All original historical observations, modern and present-day estimates, dates, counts, units, population citations, identity qualifications, arrival and departure fields are preserved. New symbols are unsized. No household multiplier, overlap sum, continuous occupancy, verified ancestry or complete departure is inferred. The workbook contains all reviewed display decisions and geographic references for future uploads.


## Edition 2.34 biblical regional continuity — 21 October 2026

This focused correction adds H6561, one regional overview of Israelite presence in Canaan / the land of Israel during approximately 1375–1050 BC. It remains visible for every selected year within that interval, including all of 1350–1051 BC, without requiring Show earlier evidence. The record uses the explicitly reviewed **continuous** date mode. Individual episode ranges retain their existing interpretation; no other record has been converted to continuous residence.

The source is the biblical narrative: [Judges 1:19–35](https://www.bible.com/bible/1/JDG.1.KJV), [Judges 2:6–23](https://www.bible.com/bible/1/JDG.2.KJV), [Judges 3:5–6](https://www.bible.com/bible/1/JDG.3.KJV), and [1 Samuel 7:15–17](https://www.bible.com/bible/1/1SA.7.KJV). The overview infers sustained regional presence from settlement across generations, recurring judgeships and Samuel's regular circuit. It does not claim an independent observation for every year, uniform occupation, or continuous residence in every named town.

The approximate limits follow Crossway's [Judges introduction](https://www.esv.org/resources/esv-global-study-bible/introduction-to-judges/), Setting c.1375 BC, and [1–2 Samuel introduction](https://www.esv.org/resources/esv-global-study-bible/introduction-to-1-2-samuel/), which puts Saul's accession between 1050 and 1030 BC. The overview uses 1050 BC as the early transition bound within the site's selected evangelical chronology. That transition does not imply the Israelites departed. Other chronological reconstructions exist; the biblical text does not supply these exact BC labels.

[Getty TGN 7033030](https://www.getty.edu/vow/TGNFullDisplay?english=Y&find=7003692&nation=&place=&subjectid=7033030) supplies a Canaan historical-region reference coordinate, 31.9167 N, 35.3333 E. It labels the region and does not identify an exact home, a city population, ancient borders, or a modern sovereign territory. Israel is the collection's geographic index for this cross-border historical region.

Population is unknown and sizing is disabled. Arrival and departure remain unknown. The period-appropriate textual identity is Israelite; the overview does not establish every person's observance or genetic ancestry. The spreadsheet now contains 6,561 historical records and retains every previous historical, modern and present-day record unchanged. There are still 829 unresolved historical records; this correction adds a new sourced synthesis rather than resolving a formerly unlocated entry. The continuous setting, qualification and geographic reference survive spreadsheet upload.


## Edition 2.35 China and Harbin PDF review — 21 October AD 2026

The user-supplied Dan Ben-Canaan compilation, *The Jewish People and Their Place in History: The Jews in China & Harbin*, adds 34 nonduplicate observations, H6562–H6595, at six verified city references: Harbin, Manzhouli, Kaifeng, Tianjin, Shanghai and Beijing. Its cover is dated 2009 but the supplied copy contains later revisions; the source register explains that distinction. Printed and PDF page locators agree. The full source PDF is not redistributed; the author catalogue is a bibliographic locator.

Thirty-one records support presence or event displays; three Jewish-school enrolment records are optional institutional associations because enrolment does not establish every pupil’s identity. All new records have population sizing disabled. Four dated intervals or approximate observations and one open date bound belong in the separate uncertain/undated view. Six official GeoNames China records establish city reference coordinates, without claiming building or neighbourhood precision.

Figures include Harbin’s reported 45 Jews in AD 1900, 500 in AD 1903, approximate 23,000 community members at the AD 1920–1921 peak, about 2,000 remaining in AD 1945, and 319 in AD 1955. Original units and evidential limits are retained; these are not newly verified censuses. The Manzhouli figure is 150 families around AD 1915, with the locality corroborated by the Association of Former Residents of China’s station history; no household multiplier is used.

Named individuals and cohorts remain distinct from city totals. The three Podolsky household members left Harbin in AD 1963; Hannah Agre remained, so that family departure is not a complete city exit. Grave totals, mixed hospital patients, business ownership, monetary donations and library holdings are excluded from resident population counts. Eight source issues flag contradictory dates, unsupported exhaustive survivor claims and unverified ancient-origin stories.

All 6,561 previous historical observations, modern estimates, present-day estimates and the biblical continuity record remain unchanged. New map references, units, dates and page locators survive workbook upload.


## Edition 2.36 Asia Minor inscription review — 21 October AD 2026

Markus Öhler’s *Synagogues in Inscriptions from Asia Minor: The Iulia Severa Inscription Reconsidered* (2020), printed pp.339–368, adds nine nonduplicate observations, H6596–H6604. The supplied PDF has 30 pages; printed page equals PDF page plus 338. The full source PDF is not redistributed. Its DOI is https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666522154.339 .

The new records concern Chios, Samos, Philadelphia in Lydia, Hyllarima, two distinct Side inscriptions, later Akmoneia Jewish epitaphs, Corinth and Tafas. Eight support qualified communal-presence displays; Hyllarima is an optional probable-identity claim. Six finite century envelopes are uncertain episodes, and three open date bounds have no invented closing date. All nine appear in the separate uncertain/undated view. No numerical Jewish population totals are supplied; all new counts remain unknown and sizing is disabled.

Eight existing records retain their original claims and source citations with added critical dating and identity reviews. H0624, the Iulia Severa inscription, is now a disputed claim because Öhler challenges the conventional Jewish reading. Its three named officials remain in the original-unit source record but are not treated as three securely identified Jewish residents. The later Akmoneia record does not depend on that disputed identification, and no Jewish absence is inferred.

The two Nicomedia epitaphs now support qualified communal presence following the comparative argument in Öhler pp.341–342. H6487’s formerly blank date is filled with approximately AD 250 from this separately cited chronology; its original online source remains explicitly undated. Kyme/Phokaia remains unplotted because the exact locality is unresolved and the conventional third-century date is also questioned. Existing dates elsewhere remain with alternative scholarly interpretations in the dedicated dating fields.

Eight portable geographic references distinguish islands from towns. Chios and Samos use official GeoNames island labels. Hyllarima, Side and ancient Corinth use directly read Pleiades scholarly representative points. Tafas uses its official GeoNames town reference. The documented Akmoneia and Philadelphia town references are reused with provenance notes. No exact synagogue coordinates, historical borders or separate populations at alternative sites are invented.

Seven source issues explain disputed identity, alternative dating, pagan terminology, unresolved provenance and the limits of headcounts. Pagan uses of synagogue or archisynagogos, monetary fines, silver weights, numbers of inscriptions, two lighting fixtures and benefactors do not become Jewish resident totals. The existing modern and present-day estimates, previous China/Harbin additions and biblical continuous-presence record remain unchanged. Workbook-upload checks preserve all new and reviewed map details.


## Edition 2.37 Azerbaijan article review — 21 October AD 2026

The complete supplied ten-page PDF of Zeynab Allahverdiyeva’s *History of Azerbaijani Jews* (2025) was reviewed. The article occupies printed pp.13–19, supplied PDF pp.4–10; front-matter pages have different numbering. The verified public author-upload record is https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397748642_History_of_Azerbaijani_Jews . Full source PDFs are not redistributed.

Twenty-three observations, H6605–H6627, add settlement, institutional, subgroup, migration and census evidence. The earliest new community account concerns seventh-century Barda. A seventh-century Shabran synagogue report remains an optional archaeological claim because the original excavation report was not inspected. Baku, Ganja, Sumgait, Qusar, Shamakhi, Goychay, Ismayilli, Oghuz and the Red Settlement have distinct dated or undated observations. Four additional observations use the separately read Huseynov survey; Tolts’ original demographic analysis supplies one census-category alternative.

Eighteen new records support qualified presence or event displays; five have optional claim displays. Nine have dated observations, three have uncertain century ranges and eleven have undated or open bounds. The last fourteen use the separate uncertain/undated view. Publication in AD 2025 is not assigned as the year of undated current estimates. All new markers are unsized. Known figures remain visible in their original units and source definitions; no zero, exact unknown population or household multiplier is invented.

Thirteen portable references distinguish city labels, the village opposite Quba, district labels and a country label. The modern district points are broad indexing aids, not historical boundaries, exact Jewish villages or verified synagogue structures. Oghuz town and Oghuz region remain distinct. Red Settlement village references are not Quba city. Derbent is not moved into modern Azerbaijan, and Iranian South Azerbaijan is not conflated with the Republic.

Ten source issues preserve material uncertainties. The article’s AD 1917 Red Settlement figure of 18,000 remains an optional claim alongside the cited survey’s AD 1916 estimate of 8,400. The AD 1989 article count 30,792 remains separate from Tolts’ all-Jewish-category aggregate 30,833; neither is an Ashkenazi-only or modern core estimate. Strict more-than thresholds remain qualified in the count descriptions. Organizational members and incoming migrants do not become total city populations, and no full migration departure is established.

The article reverses the denominator of an 83% literacy statement in its cited source; it is not used as a population count. Ancient origin traditions and the reported Benjamin-of-Tudela synagogue total do not produce secure ancient arrival dots. Community formation in AD 1832 does not erase earlier Ashkenazi presence. Every previous observation, present-day estimate, earlier epigraphic review and biblical continuity record is retained. Workbook-import checks preserve the added citations and map references for future updates.


## Edition 2.38 Marco Polo review — 21 October AD 2026

Five observations, H6628–H6632, were added after searching all 403 pages of the user-linked Marco Polo PDF and reviewing all eight relevant keyword-hit pages, complete surrounding passages and cited textual apparatus. The copy is Nigel Cliff’s Penguin translation in the AD 2016 edition, with translation copyright AD 2015. It is reflowed; citations therefore use file-page indices and chapter descriptions, not unverified print pages. The full PDF and long translation excerpts are not distributed with the site.

Three community reports concern Tbilisi, the kingdom of Kollam and Abash/Abyssinia. They supply no local observation years or numerical Jewish totals and remain in the undated view. The kingdom of Kollam is indexed with its associated port label, not a city census. Broad Abash uses an Ethiopia label without claiming present national boundaries, an exact Jewish town or a particular ancestry. Middle India in this passage does not mean the modern country India.

An optional association marker at the associated Khanbaliq/Beijing reference records the court’s recognition of Jewish festivals. It does not establish a local resident congregation. Its uncertain AD 1286–1288 context bracket accommodates the text’s campaign year, the editor’s alternative chronology and the following winter. The separate Nayan aftermath record uses an uncertain AD 1286–1287 bracket but remains unplotted because the Jewish participants’ location is unresolved. The provinces named in the surrounding narrative do not become Jewish settlements.

All five new population counts are blank and sizing is disabled. Military totals, counts of bodily marks, numbers of religions and qualitative smallness are not headcounts. None establishes first arrival, continuous occupation or a complete departure. All prior observations and modern and present-day country estimates remain unchanged.

The modern edition’s manuscript list and appendix distinguish Z and Ramusio-derived passages. Relevant narrative and variant-text passages were directly compared with the public-domain Yule–Cordier edition: volume 1 at https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10636/10636-h/10636-h.htm and volume 2 at https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12410/12410-h/12410-h.htm . Later editors’ references to other travellers and later Jewish history are not Polo observations. Original manuscripts were not independently inspected. Six source issues and two follow-up entries preserve these limits; four portable references and display fields survive spreadsheet upload.


## Edition 2.39 continued location review — 21 October AD 2026

Thirty-six previously unresolved historical records received reviewed map displays. Twenty-two support qualified presence, regional, group or event markers; fourteen have optional context markers. Nineteen remain undated and six use uncertain-date context. Eleven have observation-date displays. The review retains five specific source holds. All original factual fields remain unchanged, with no observations added.

The eleven Tunisian estimates are under “Other Communities” in Jewish Encyclopedia, TUNIS, at https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6447-gabes-tunisia . The URL slug is misleading; the page title and content are TUNIS. Publication in AD 1906 remains separate from an unknown census year. Djerba uses an island reference, not Houmt Souk. Official GeoNames country exports establish town/island identity and supply label points; they do not supply Jewish headcounts.

The Vatican Museums object catalogue supports city-level burial associations at Rome. Primitiva’s Monteverde origin remains inferred. Salutia’s official Italian indexed description was consulted when direct English and Italian page requests were blocked; no claim of live-page access is made. Two Ioannina epitaphs use city associations because the stones were apparently moved. Municipal museum text: https://www.travelioannina.gr/en/pages/jewish-community-ioannina . The reported lost AD 1285 Lugo stone remains an optional claim, cited to Italia Judaica in its original record. Juvenal’s three Roman satires and the disputed 139 BC expulsion tradition remain optional claims without headcounts.

Philo’s Agrippa-letter passage names Argos and Corinth; one group record has two ancient-city labels. Josephus’s reported dispatch to Sardinia is an optional destination association; completed settlement is not independently verified and parallel ancient accounts are not added. Ancient town and island coordinates come from the official Pleiades scholarly exports at https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570106/json and https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/472014/json .

The Libya entry’s named Ghadames oasis, Tajurah and Gharyan region support source-defined references. The AD 1510 cohort remains 800 families shared across both destinations. Tigrinna uses broad Tripolitania context, retaining the hold on an exact Jewish-quarter coordinate. Procopius, Buildings VI.2.11–23, places Boreium at western Pentapolis and Jews nearby: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Buildings/6%2A.html . Its broad Cyrenaica/Pentapolis reference does not adopt a disputed modern site. Conversion is not departure.

Edenbridge’s dedicated colony page publishes 53°5′ N, 104°21′ W and links homestead maps: https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/Edenbridge/ . Three observations use that rounded colony-area reference; no exact farm boundary or population at the synagogue is asserted. Qayrawan’s temporary stay is directly reported in the English translation at https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/documents/2505/ ; AD 1040 remains a letter terminus, not the event year. The household location at https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/documents/5862/ remains an optional interpretation attributed to Gil; the full print edition is still unchecked.

The distributed Tunisian forced-labor cohort is a country-level event label, checked against https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/labor-and-internment-camps-in-north-africa . Its roughly 5,000 men are not allocated to each camp or treated as a national Jewish census.

No newly displayed record is sized as a resident population total. Shared counts, uncertainty, original units and all 6,632 historical observations remain intact. There are now 794 unresolved records from a current baseline of 830; the earlier 829 count preceded the unresolved Marco Polo Nayan addition. Portable references are in the workbook’s Map geography sheet and survive spreadsheet upload.


## Edition 2.40 continued location review — 22 October AD 2026

Forty-six formerly unresolved records received reviewed displays: 37 qualified presence, regional, group or event markers and nine optional association or claim markers. Twenty-four have observation-date displays; sixteen use uncertain-date context and six remain undated. Twenty additional reviewed records retain source/location holds. No original factual field was changed, and no historical observation was added. There are 748 unresolved historical records, down from 794.

Sixteen colonial census observations use source-defined regional labels for Sind province, Karachi district, Hyderabad district in Sind, Thar and Parkar, Upper Sind Frontier and Palanpur State. Population tables: A. K. Lord, The Jews of India and the Far East (AD 1907), Appendix I, printed pp. 3–4 / PDF132–133: https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/book_archive/196174216674_10155280210566675.pdf#page=132 . Historical gazetteer extents, volume titles, printed/PDF pages and arithmetic derivations are recorded in Map geography. Labels are bounding-extent midpoints, not cities, population centres or reconstructed census polygons. The province definition excludes Khairpur. Boundary stability between gazetteer and census dates is not assumed. Overlapping province/district/state observations must not be added. Bhor State remains held because the printed longitude range is internally inconsistent; Shikarpur's historical district reorganization is unresolved.

Iranica's Bukharan Jews entry names Qarshi, Kitob, Kattaqo‘rg‘on and Khiva: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bukhara-vii/ . Official GeoNames town references establish identity, while individual observation years remain unknown. Jam uses a village-area funerary association, checked against UNESCO's nomination section 3.a.2.1: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/211rev.pdf . It does not locate a grave or prove continuous residence. Tang-e Azao uses broad Ghor context for visitors, retaining the AD 752–753 versus AD 753–754 issue: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/judeo-persian-ix-judeo-persian-literature/?generate_pdf=1 . Jahudanak remains a probable Balkh-suburb claim. Two dated credit deeds retain only optional Bamiyan-area archive associations, not verified creditor residence: https://www.invisible-east.org/corpus/108/ and https://www.invisible-east.org/corpus/100/ .

Fars and Susiana retain broad historical regional testimony, respectively checked in https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/judeo-persian-communities-iv-medieval-to-late-18th-century/ and https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/judeo-persian-communities-iii-parthian-and-sasanian-periods/ . Lorimer's printed p. 2381 identifies Bushehr and Muhammareh, without independently dating a survey: https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023514764.0x000060 . Both town estimates remain in the undated view.

South Africa's East Rand and combined Vereeniging/Vanderbijl Park observations are checked against Table 5, printed p. 7 / PDF10: https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/sout/SOUTH%20AFRICA%20JEWISH%20POPULATION%20REPORT%20NO%209%20GEO%20DISTRIB%201978.pdf . The combined region keeps one count per date, not the full count at each component. West Rand and Orange Free State Goldfields retain historical-footprint holds.

Josephus, Against Apion 2.44, reports settlement at Cyrene and other unnamed Libyan cities: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/apion-2.html . The Encyclopaedia Judaica Libya entry supports broader Tripolitanian contexts for artifacts, the uncertain Iscina identification and tenth-century Nefusa testimony: https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/libyan-political-geography/libya . Artifacts are associations; disputed identifications remain claims. The AD 1942 Cyrenaican deportation cohort uses broad origin/destination references, without distributing its total to each site: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/labor-and-internment-camps-in-north-africa . Most, not all, were sent to Giado. No complete departure is inferred.

Philo, Life of Moses 2.34–42, supplies temporary Pharos visitors and a mixed festival crowd: https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book25.html . A broad Alexandria coastal reference does not claim an exact island event point. Josephus, Antiquities 14.132, supplies Jews about Memphis: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-14.html . Philo, Legatio 281–283, names overlapping Syria and Coele-Syria: https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book40.html . Josephus, Antiquities 17.26–31, locates Bathyra in Batanaea without resolving the exact town: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-17.html . The Batanaea delegation (War 2.481–483) is an origin association, not a regional census: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Josephus/war-2.html . Drusilla's marriage (Antiquities 20.137–140) remains a dynastic association, not verified residence at the Emesa city point: https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-20.html . Ancient regional/city references use official Pleiades exports, with individual citations in Map geography.

All 46 newly displayed records remain unsized. Shared counts, uncertain identities, original dates, units, citations and all 6,632 historical observations remain intact. Continuous biblical presence throughout 1350–1051 BC is preserved. Portable references in Map geography survive spreadsheet upload.


## Edition 2.41 Lord book review — 22 October AD 2026

James Henry Lord, The Jews in India and the Far East (AD 1907), is a contemporary observational account and census compilation with missionary and racial/origin interpretations that require separate treatment. Supplied DLI scan: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54523 . It is an AD 1976 reprint and omits printed pp.102–103. Those pages were recovered at PDF57 in https://archive.org/details/jews-in-kerala-and-far-east . Two copies of one work do not provide independent corroboration. Original census schedules, private interviews and most quoted historical originals were not independently read.

The edition adds 162 observations, including 83 Bombay historical city sections, 39 Kolaba/Poona/Thana subdivisions, nine colonial/provincial totals, four additional urban entries, three recovered census subgroup/aggregate records, nine recovered family estimates and narrative/documentary reports. Eighteen observations remain undated. All additions have population sizing disabled. Five use optional claims/association displays.

The census section totals independently reconcile to 3,321 (AD 1881), 5,021 (AD 1891) and 5,357 (AD 1901). Section markers use broader Bombay city context; their exact footprints are not drawn or equated with modern wards. Talukas, pethas and subdivisions retain their original scope with broader parent-district labels; they are not same-name town counts. Blank cells do not prove absence or exit. Source page locators and scope notes accompany every record.

Recovered printed p.102 supplies nine approximate family estimates gathered before the AD 1901 census, without exact observation years. They remain families in the undated view, not converted person totals or assigned to AD 1901. Cochin State subgroups 180 and 957 sum to the previously recorded 1,137. The historical social labels do not prove ancestry or genetic relationships. The Malabar 1,288 aggregate uses two state-reference components sharing one count and overlaps existing state totals.

Parur H3111 is corrected from the earlier transcription 138 to 133 after visual checks of Appendix I p.10 and recovered p.102; the old value and correction are documented in Source issues. Eight source issues also preserve the book's AD 1901 Ahmedabad urban/district inconsistency, Kolaba's four-person subdivision discrepancy, first-column 1861/1881 header problem and incomplete AD 1881 colonial coverage. The two new Ahmedabad figures remain optional unverified claims. No printed value is changed to force agreement, and colonial scopes are not replaced by present borders.

Other additions preserve Lord's dated visits, the AD 1711 Ernakulam grant without treating its honorific “64” as a headcount, four AD 1655 Cochin synagogues, sixteen AD 1839 signatories, Sohar traders and undated estimates. A funerary report counts graves, not living residents. Parur's former house-count tradition and the indirect Maimonides-to-Lunel testimony remain qualified claims. Trade opportunities, surnames, lost-tribe theories and colour comparisons do not become confirmed Jewish settlements. Appendix IV's disputed Hoolah/Quilon identification does not produce a secure AD 1167 Indian population.

Every original record other than the documented Parur transcription retains its factual fields. Modern/present country estimates and continuous biblical presence throughout 1350–1051 BC remain intact. The new geographic references are portable through future spreadsheet uploads.